OK ladies and gentlemen. Prepare for discovery before it’s gone … 
I don’t know how old Androids you have and how old is your app, but I’ve run some tests for you and discovered that SoundCloud Music & Audio app does offer the recording but it’s a bit covered up. After you enter the app you should tap hamburger menu which brings you to your settings. There you’ll see the option “Record” and if you tap it you’ll be able to record directly and also post what you’ve recorded.
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For the proof of it you can find my recording here:
Oh, and recording is in Cymraeg of course. …
You have two SoundCloud apps on Google Play and the other is SoundCloud Pulse. But on this app I really can’t find the direct recording neither upload button despite it says that it’s meant especially for creators and in the instructions you get before entering for the first time it says you can do all this and more.
So,good old "SoundCloud Music & Audio app will do exactly what you want - DIRECT RECORDING AND POSTING
Oh, and to keep trakc … why not keeping track on SoundCloud itself at least in the part which question you’ve already reponded to and which not? …
Hwyl!
Tatjana