Ha ha, also nabod for a place. Almost everything else is Gwybod.
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There is the example “Dw i’n meddwl y liciwn i helpu chdi” in Challenge 9.
Why do we need “y” there? Is it something like “that” for the indirect phrase “liciwn i”? Becasue I think it would be “bod” with a direct order phrase, e.g. “Dw i’n meddwl bo fi angen helpu chdi”…
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Yes, it is that. I can’t remember the bod/y/â rule and exceptions just now. I usually just go by the sound and memory of phrases. I’ll try to take a look at Gareth King’s Modern Welsh Grammar book tonight in the unlikely event that someone more knowledgeable doesn’t help in the meantime 
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I happen to have the Modern Welsh Dictionary (so can beat @JohnYoung on time 
) here and can read that: y is often silent in normal speech, and “is used to introduce subordinate clauses (introduced by that… in English) where the original statement began with an affirmative verb other than the present tense of bod”.
It always takes me a while to figure out grammar explanations in any language, but the example right next makes it instantly clear!
Dw i’n meddwl y bydd hi gartre= I think she’ll be at home
BTW in the Southern course it is
Dw i’n meddwl y r hoffen i dy helpu tdi
What is that r between y and hoffen? Like with articles (yr) but a space slipped in by mistake between the two?
And the tdi instead of di I would have expected?
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I just assumed it was because ‘h’ is treated like a vowel when determining whether it’s ‘y’ or ‘yr’. Might be wrong though 
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Yes, that must be it.
I’m never completely sure about what to do with words starting with “h” (in Welsh and English alike). Also when I did the challenges I just repeated the sounds (no mental resources to do more than that, ha ha!) but didn’t check details on the vocabulary lists so now I’ve noticed I had strange doubts popping up! 
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Yes, all about flow.
I don’t think there is a tdi, is there. Just ti or chdi.
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Speaking of words starting with h…
I’m sure I often hear people on the radio say ‘hefo’ instead of ‘efo’ - is there a reason for that or is it just a coloqualism? Or am I just mishearing?
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Sticking an “H” at the start of words that start with vowels is really common when talking about feminine things. (I think it happens with some other stuff too but someone else will explain that. 
)
Hefo hi
Ei hacen hi
Etc.
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Where did you spot that Gisella? It sounds like the gremlins have been at work there
Always watch out for the gremlins!
It’s Level 1, Challenge 9, South version on computer/browser (haven’t checked the iOS app).
Last example in Vocabulary list.
I never checked the vocabulary lists while doing the challenges 'cause I found written Welsh too confusing, so just noticed it now!
Yes, definitely a gremlin attack. The ‘r’ shouldn’t be there, and it should be ‘di’ not ‘tdi’
I’ll have to see if I can fix it … DONE!
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Yeah that’s why I was getting confused - I’m comfortable with it for possessive usage (e.g. ei henw hi, etc), but I didn’t realise ‘efo’ followed that same rule.
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It doesn’t! – Apparently some people just like saying hefo…
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Hello, I was just wondering, why your six month course, at what level should the learners become? B1 or B2? Thanks,
Samuel
Could some kind soul explain to me why there’s an ‘a’ before the first two uses of oedd here? I get the third one as a sort of “that” (the only thing ‘that’ they had to show for their dominance) but I can’t see what function the first two have, as the phrases seem complete without it. Is it something to do with the fact that these are identification phrases (hence the verb has moved from the beginning of the phrases) and get lonely without something to hang on to (in a way that doesn’t seem to happen in the present tense)?
Y Gleision a oedd tîm gorau’r chwarter agoriadol ond cic gosb o droed Jarrod Evans a oedd yr unig beth a oedd ganddynt i’w ddangos am eu goruchafiaeth.
They all mean that. It would be superfluous in English but isn’t in Welsh 
Is there a rule I can cling on to that would explain when it’s necessary in Welsh - because I can’t see anything that would alert me to it? ‘They were the best team in the opening quarter’ seems complete on its own, so how does a ‘that’ come to strong-arm its way in?
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Hi @mrxharbour and @AnthonyCusack. Brilliant timing with this question. Am I correct in my understanding of the following? That we need the “a”/“that”, because we are using the emphatic form - something like:
It’s the Blues that were the best team of the opening quarter.
I guess that the alternative avoiding “that” would be -
Oedd y tim gorau’r chwarter agoriadol y Gleision.
Also a question from me -
Remembering that killer sentence -
I met with someone who (sy’n) knows your brother,
Can we change “sy’n” to “oedden” for “someone who knew your brother”?
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